NAME

        SV_RFC2308_6_referral_NODATA - Nagative answer should have an implicit referral built into the answer (NODATA)

VERIFICATION POINTS

        Verify that a NUT has an implicit referral in the negative answer (NODATA).

As with all answers coming from the cache, negative answers SHOULD have an implicit referral built into the answer. This enables the resolver to locate an authoritative source. An implicit referral is characterised by NS records in the authority section referring the resolver towards a authoritative source.

TARGET

        Caching Server

SYNOPSIS

	SV_RFC2308_6_referral_NODATA.seq [-tooloption ...]: KOI tool option
	See also DNSConfig.pm

INITIALIZATION

Network Topology

                                 . domain                 org domain               example.org domain
        AP Server1 (TN)          DNS Server2              DNS Server3              DNS Server4
          |A.example.org           |A.ROOT.NET              |NS3.example.org         |NS4.example.org
          |3ffe:501:ffff:101::10   |3ffe:501:ffff:101::20   |3ffe:501:ffff:101::30   |3ffe:501:ffff:101::40 
          |192.168.1.10            |192.168.1.20            |192.168.1.30            |192.168.1.40
          |                        |                        |                        |
Net-y   --+--------+---------------+------------------------+------------------------+-- 3ffe:501:ffff:101::/64
                   |                                                                     192.168.1/24
                   |
                   |
                 Router (TN)
                   |3ffe:501:ffff:100::1
                   |192.168.0.1
                   |
                   |
                   |
Net-z   --+--------+-----------------+-------- 3ffe:501:ffff:100::/64
          |                          |          192.168.0/24
          |                          |
        DNS Server1 (NUT)          DNS Client1 (TN)
           3ffe:501:ffff:100::XXXX    3ffe:501:ffff:100::20 
           192.168.0.10               192.168.0.20
	

	XXXX: EUI64

Setup

Set the DNS Server1's (NUT) address as above mentioned Network Topology.

Configure the Server1's (NUT) zone file to response query from TN.

Example of root server list:

For IPv4:

.                       3600000         IN      NS      A.ROOT.NET.
A.ROOT.NET.             3600000                 A       192.168.1.20

For IPv6:

.                       3600000         IN      NS      A.ROOT.NET.
A.ROOT.NET.             3600000                 AAAA    3ffe:501:ffff:101::20

Example of example.com zone file:

$TTL    86400           ; TTL of 1 day
@ IN SOA NS1.example.com. root.example.com. (
	2005081600	; serial
	3600		; refresh every 1 hr
	900		; retry every 15 min
	604800		; expire after a week
	3600		; Minimum TTL of a 1 hr
)
;
	IN	NS	NS1.example.com.
NS1	IN	A	192.168.0.10
;

TEST PROCEDURE

        This test sequence is following.

                                                                    <-------------- TN --------------->

    DNS Client1 (TN)             DNS Server1 (NUT)                  DNS Server2 DNS Server3 DNS Server4
        |                              |                                 |           |           |
        |----------------------------->|                                 |           |           |
        | 1. Send standard query       |                                 |           |           |
        |  QNAME=A.example.org         |                                 |           |           |
        |  QTYPE=HINFO                 |                                 |           |           |
        |                              |                                 |           |           |
        |                              |-------------------------------->|           |           |
        |                              | 2. Recv standard query          |           |           |
        |                              |  QNAME=A.example.org            |           |           |
        |                              |  QTYPE=HINFO                    |           |           |
        |                              |                                 |           |           |
        |                              |<--------------------------------|           |           |
        |                              | 3. Send standard query response |           |           |
        |                              |  QNAME=A.example.org            |           |           |
        |                              |  QTYPE=HINFO                    |           |           |
        |                              |  AUTHORITY Name=org             |           |           |
        |                              |  AUTHORITY Name Server          |           |           |
        |                              |            =NS3.example.org     |           |           |
        |                              |  ADDITIONAL Name                |           |           |
        |                              |            =NS3.example.org     |           |           |
        |                              |  ADDITIONAL Address             |           |           |
        |                              |            =192.168.1.30        |           |           |
        |                              |                                 |           |           |
        |                              |                                 v           |           |
        |                              |                                             |           |
        |                              |-------------------------------------------->|           |
        |                              |             4. Recv standard query          |           |
        |                              |              QNAME=A.example.org            |           |
        |                              |              QTYPE=HINFO                    |           |
        |                              |                                             |           |
        |                              |<--------------------------------------------|           |
        |                              |             5. Send standard query response |           |
        |                              |              QNAME=A.example.org            |           |
        |                              |              QTYPE=HINFO                    |           |
        |                              |              AUTHORITY Name=example.org     |           |
        |                              |              AUTHORITY Name Server          |           |
        |                              |                     = NS4.example.org       |           |
        |                              |              ADDITIONAL Name                |           |
        |                              |                     = NS4.example.org       |           |
        |                              |              ADDITIONAL Address             |           |
        |                              |                     = 192.168.1.40          |           |
        |                              |                                             |           |
        |                              |                                             v           |
        |                              |                                                         |
        |                              |-------------------------------------------------------->|
        |                              |                          6. Send standard query         |
        |                              |                           QNAME=A.example.org           |
        |                              |                           QTYPE=HINFO                   |
        |                              |                                                         |
        |                              |<--------------------------------------------------------|
        |                              |                          7. Send standard query response|
        |                              |                           (NODATA)                      |
        |                              |                           QNAME=A.example.org           |
        |                              |                           QTYPE=HINFO                   |
        |                              |                           AUTHORITY Name=example.org    |
        |                              |                           AUTHORITY Type=SOA            |
        |                              |                           AUTHORITY Minimum=1 hour      |
        |                              |                           AUTHORITY Name=example.org    |
        |                              |                           AUTHORITY Type=NS             |
        |                              |                           AUTHORITY Name Server         |
        |                              |                               = NS4.example.org         |
        |                              |                           ADDITIONAL Name               |
        |                              |                               = NS4.example.org         |
        |                              |                           ADDITIONAL Address            |
        |                              |                               = 192.168.1.40            |
        |                              |                                                         |
        |                              |                                                         |
        |<-----------------------------|                                                         |
        | 8. Standard query response   |                                                         |
        |  (NODATA)                    |                                                         |
        |  QNAME= A.example.org        |                                                         |
        |  QTYPE=HINFO                 |                                                         |
        |  AUTHORITY Name=example.org  |                                                         |
        |  AUTHORITY Type=SOA          |                                                         |
        |  AUTHORITY Minimum=1 hour    |                                                         |
        |  AUTHORITY Name=example.org  |                                                         |
        |  AUTHORITY Type=NS           |                                                         |
        |  ADDITIONAL Name             |                                                         |
        |   = NS4.example.org          |                                                         |
        |  ADDITIONAL Name             |                                                         |
        |   = NS4.example.org          |                                                         |
        |  ADDITIONAL Address          |                                                         |
        |   = 192.168.1.40             |                                                         |
        |                              |                                                         |
        v                              v                                                         v

        1. TN send standard query QNAME=A.example.org, QTYPE=HINFO to NUT.
        2. NUT transmits standard query to DNS Server2 (TN: root name server) (Judgment *2)
        3. TN send query response to NUT w/ AUTHORITY Name=org, AUTHORITY Name Server=NS3.example.org.
        4. NUT transmits standard query QNAME=A.example.org, QTYPE=HINFO to DNS Server3 (TN: NS3.example.org) (Judgment *4)
        5. TN send query response to NUT w/ AUTHORITY Name=example.org, AUTHORITY Name Server=NS4.example.org.
        6. NUT transmits standard query QNAME=A.example.org, QTYPE=HINFO to DNS Server4 (TN: NS4.example.org) (Judgment *6)
        7. TN send query response(NODATA) to  AUTHORITY Name=example.org, AUTHORITY Type=SOA, and AUTHORITY Name=example.org, AUTHORITY Type=NS.
        8. NUT transmits query response(NODATA) to DNS Client1 (TN) (Judgment *8)

Packet Description

1st packet.

Standard query from DNS Client1 (TN) to Server1 (NUT)
IP Header	Source Address	CL1_NETZ
IP Header	Destination Address	NUT_NETZ
UDP Header	Src Port	2000
UDP Header	Dst Port	53
DNS Header	ID	0x1000
	QR	0
	OPCODE	0
	AA	0
	TC	0
	RD	1
	RA	0
	Z	0
	RCODE	0
	QDCOUNT	1
	ANCOUNT	0
	NSCOUNT	0
	ARCOUNT	0
DNS Question section	QNAME	A.example.org
	QTYPE	HINFO (0x000D)
	QCLASS	IN (0x0001)

2nd packet.

Standard query from DNS Server1 (NUT) to Server2 (TN)
IP Header	Source Address	NUT_NETZ
IP Header	Destination Address	SV2_NETY
UDP Header	Src Port	ANY
UDP Header	Dst Port	53
DNS Header	ID	ANY
	QR	0
	OPCODE	0
	AA	ANY
	TC	0
	RD	0
	RA	ANY
	Z	ANY
	RCODE	ANY
	QDCOUNT	1
	ANCOUNT	0
	NSCOUNT	0
	ARCOUNT	ANY
DNS Question section	QNAME	A.example.org
	QTYPE	HINFO (0x000D)
	QCLASS	IN (0x0001)

3rd packet.

Standard query response from DNS Server2 (TN) to Server1 (NUT)
IP Header	Source Address	SV2_NETY
IP Header	Destination Address	NUT_NETZ
UDP Header	Src Port	53
UDP Header	Dst Port	Value that NUT uses
DNS Header	ID	Value that NUT uses
	QR	1
	OPCODE	0
	AA	0
	TC	0
	RD	0
	RA	0
	Z	0
	RCODE	0
	QDCOUNT	1
	ANCOUNT	0
	NSCOUNT	1
	ARCOUNT	1
DNS Question section	QNAME	A.example.org
	QTYPE	HINFO (0x000D)
	QCLASS	IN (0x0001)
DNS Authority section	NAME	org (Pointer 0xC016)
	TYPE	NS (0x0002)
	CLASS	IN (0x0001)
	TTL	1 day (86400)
	RDLENGTH	6
	NSDNAME	NS3.example.org (NS3 + Pointer 0xC00E)
DNS Additional section	NAME	NS3.example.org (Pointer 0xC02B)
	TYPE	A (0x0001)
	CLASS	IN (0x0001)
	TTL	1 day (86400)
	RDLENGTH	4
	ADDRESS	192.168.1.30

4th packet.

Standard query from DNS Server1 (NUT) to Server3 (TN)
IP Header	Source Address	NUT_NETZ
IP Header	Destination Address	SV3_NETY
UDP Header	Src Port	ANY
UDP Header	Dst Port	53
DNS Header	ID	ANY
	QR	0
	OPCODE	0
	AA	ANY
	TC	0
	RD	0
	RA	ANY
	Z	ANY
	RCODE	ANY
	QDCOUNT	1
	ANCOUNT	0
	NSCOUNT	0
	ARCOUNT	ANY
DNS Question section	QNAME	A.example.org
	QTYPE	HINFO (0x000D)
	QCLASS	IN (0x0001)

5th packet.

Standard query response from DNS Server3 (TN) to Server1 (NUT)
IP Header	Source Address	SV3_NETY
IP Header	Destination Address	NUT_NETZ
UDP Header	Src Port	Value that NUT uses
UDP Header	Dst Port	53
DNS Header	ID	Value that NUT uses
	QR	1
	OPCODE	0
	AA	0
	TC	0
	RD	0
	RA	0
	Z	0
	RCODE	0
	QDCOUNT	1
	ANCOUNT	0
	NSCOUNT	1
	ARCOUNT	1
DNS Question section	QNAME	A.example.org
	QTYPE	HINFO (0x000D)
	QCLASS	IN (0x0001)
DNS Authority section	NAME	example.org (Pointer 0xC00E)
	TYPE	NS (0x0002)
	CLASS	IN (0x0001)
	TTL	1 day (86400)
	RDLENGTH	6
	NSDNAME	NS4.example.org (NS4 + Pointer 0xC00E)
DNS Additional section	NAME	NS4.example.org (Pointer 0xC02B)
	TYPE	A (0x0001)
	CLASS	IN (0x0001)
	TTL	1 day (86400)
	RDLENGTH	4
	ADDRESS	192.168.1.40

6th packet.

Standard query from DNS Server1 (NUT) to Server4 (TN)
IP Header	Source Address	NUT_NETZ
IP Header	Destination Address	SV4_NETY
UDP Header	Src Port	ANY
UDP Header	Dst Port	53
DNS Header	ID	ANY
	QR	0
	OPCODE	0
	AA	ANY
	TC	0
	RD	0
	RA	ANY
	Z	ANY
	RCODE	ANY
	QDCOUNT	1
	ANCOUNT	0
	NSCOUNT	0
	ARCOUNT	ANY
DNS Question section	QNAME	A.example.org
	QTYPE	HINFO (0x000D)
	QCLASS	IN (0x0001)

7th packet.

Standard query response from DNS Server4 (TN) to Server1 (NUT)
IP Header	Source Address	SV4_NETY
IP Header	Destination Address	NUT_NETZ
UDP Header	Src Port	Value that NUT uses
UDP Header	Dst Port	53
DNS Header	ID	Value that NUT uses
	QR	1
	OPCODE	0
	AA	1
	TC	0
	RD	0
	RA	1
	Z	0
	RCODE	0
	QDCOUNT	1
	ANCOUNT	0
	NSCOUNT	2
	ARCOUNT	1
DNS Question section	QNAME	A.example.org
	QTYPE	HINFO (0x000D)
	QCLASS	IN (0x0001)
DNS Authority section	NAME	example.com (Pointer 0xC00E)
	TYPE	SOA (0x0006)
	CLASS	IN (0x0001)
	TTL	1 hour (3600)
	RDLENGTH	33
	NSDNAME	NS4.example.com (NS4 + Pointer 0xC00E)
	RNAME	root.example.com (root + Pointer 0xC00E)
	SERIAL	2005081600
	REFRESH	1 hour
	RETRY	15 minutes
	EXPIRE	1 week
	MINIMUM	1 hour (3600)
DNS Authority section	NAME	example.org (Pointer 0xC00E)
	TYPE	NS (0x0002)
	CLASS	IN (0x0001)
	TTL	1 day (86400)
	RDLENGTH	2
	NSDNAME	NS4.example.org (Pointer 0xC02B)
DNS Additional section	NAME	NS4.example.org (Pointer 0xC02B)
	TYPE	A (0x0001)
	CLASS	IN (0x0001)
	TTL	1 day (86400)
	RDLENGTH	4
	ADDRESS	192.168.1.40

8th packet.

Standard query response from DNS Server1 (NUT) to Client1 (TN)
IP Header	Source Address	NUT_NETZ
IP Header	Destination Address	CL1_NETZ
UDP Header	Src Port	53
UDP Header	Dst Port	2000
DNS Header	ID	0x1000
	QR	1
	OPCODE	0
	AA	0
	TC	0
	RD	1
	RA	1
	Z	0
	RCODE	0
	QDCOUNT	1
	ANCOUNT	0
	NSCOUNT	2
	ARCOUNT	1
DNS Question section	QNAME	A.example.org
	QTYPE	HINFO (0x000D)
	QCLASS	IN (0x0001)
DNS Authority section	NAME	example.com (Pointer 0xC00E)
	TYPE	SOA (0x0006)
	CLASS	IN (0x0001)
	TTL	1 hour (3600)
	RDLENGTH	33
	NSDNAME	NS4.example.com (NS4 + Pointer 0xC00E)
	RNAME	root.example.com (root + Pointer 0xC00E)
	SERIAL	2005081600
	REFRESH	1 hour
	RETRY	15 minutes
	EXPIRE	1 week
	MINIMUM	1 hour (3600)
DNS Authority section	NAME	example.org (Pointer 0xC00E)
	TYPE	NS (0x0002)
	CLASS	IN (0x0001)
	TTL	1 day (86400)
	RDLENGTH	2
	NSDNAME	NS4.example.org (Pointer 0xC02B)
DNS Additional section	NAME	NS4.example.org (Pointer 0xC02B)
	TYPE	A (0x0001)
	CLASS	IN (0x0001)
	TTL	1 day (86400)
	RDLENGTH	4
	ADDRESS	192.168.1.40

Exp.

NUT_NETZ	DNS Server1's (NUT) Net-z address
CL1_NETZ	DNS Client1's (TN) Net-z address
SV2_NETY	DNS Server2's (TN) Net-y address
SV3_NETY	DNS Server3's (TN) Net-y address
SV4_NETY	DNS Server4's (TN) Net-y address

JUDGMENT

        2. Received standard query including QNAME=A.example.org, QTYPE=HINFO.
        4. Received standard query including QNAME=A.example.org, QTYPE=HINFO.
        6. Received standard query including QNAME=A.example.org, QTYPE=HINFO.
        8. Received standard query response(NODATA) including referral
        (NS record of Authority section and A record of additional section).

TERMINATION

        None

REFERENCE

        RFC2308 Negative Caching of DNS Queries (DNS NCACHE)
        6 - Negative answers from the cache